Συχνές Ερωτήσεις για το FreeBSD 6.`X` και 7.`X`

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
faq
handbook
/usr/share/locale
en_US.ISO8859-1
bn_BD.ISO10646-1
da_DK.ISO8859-1
de_DE.ISO8859-1
el_GR.ISO8859-7
es_ES.ISO8859-1
fr_FR.ISO8859-1
hu_HU.ISO8859-2
it_IT.ISO8859-15
ja_JP.eucJP
mn_MN.UTF-8
nl_NL.ISO8859-1
no_NO.ISO8859-1
pl_PL.ISO8859-2
pt_BR.ISO8859-1
ru_RU.KOI8-R
sr_YU.ISO8859-2
tr_TR.ISO8859-9
zh_CN.GB2312
zh_TW.Big5
html-split
html
pdb
pdf
ps
rtf
txt
html-split
.tar
τύπος.μορφή
article.pdf
book.html
zip
archivers/unzip
bz2
bzip2
zip
archivers/bzip2
bzip2
book.ps.bz2
handbook/
doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2
# fetch ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq/book.html-split.tar.bz2
# bzip2 -d book.html-split.tar.bz2
# tar xvf book.html-split.tar

.html
index.html
#FreeBSD
irc.chat.org
#FreeBSDhelp
#FreeBSD
##FreeBSD
lang
#FreeBSD
irc.dal.net
irc.eu.dal.net
#FreeBSDHelp
irc.dal.net
irc.eu.dal.net
#FreeBSD
us.undernet.org
eu.undernet.org
#FreeBSD
#bsdchat
Missing Operating System
Probing Devices...
panic: can't mount root
archsw.readin.failed
floppies/boot.flp
floppies/kern1.flp
floppies/kern2.flp
fdimage
copy
copy
fdimage
rawrite
bootinst.exe
...\TOOLS> bootinst.exe boot.bin

Fixit# fdisk -B -b /boot/boot0 bootdevice

bootdevice
ad0
ad4
da0
boot1
boot2
Dangerously
Dedicated
165
166
boot1
boot2
boot1
boot2
# disklabel -B -b boot1 -s boot2 ad0sn

n
OpenBSD
fdimage
rawrite
N
N
M
M
pfdisk.exe
tools
Missing Operating System
base
sys
/usr/src
hints
passwd_format
/etc/login.conf
des
blf
md5
Probing
Devices...
panic: can't mount root
ad0
ad2
ad0
ad2
Booting kernel in 10 seconds; hit [Enter] to interrupt
disk_number
disk_number
0
1
2
3
disk_number
/boot/loader.conf.local
archsw.readin.failed
make buildworld
make buildkernel
|
OK

unset acpi_load

boot

PAE
options                PAE

options SMP
cdrecord
pass
scbus0
da0
ppbus0
vp0
GENERIC
vp0
/dev/da0s4
mount /dev/da0s4 /mnt
mount -t msdosfs /dev/da0s4 /mnt
sh
csh
/dev/kbd0
/dev/kbd1
/dev/ukbd0
# kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd1 < /dev/ttyv0 > /dev/null

/dev/ukbd0
# kbdcontrol -k /dev/ukbd0 < /dev/ttyv0 > /dev/null

keyboard="/dev/ukbd0"
/etc/rc.conf
# kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd0 > /dev/null

# kbdcontrol -K < /dev/console > /dev/null
# kbdcontrol -a atkbd0 < /dev/kbdmux0 > /dev/null
# kbdcontrol -a ukbd1 < /dev/kbdmux0 > /dev/null
# kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbdmux0 < /dev/console > /dev/null

GENERIC
device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c irq5

psm
device psm0 at atkbdc? irq 12

psm0
psm0
# moused -p /dev/xxxx -t yyyy
# vidcontrol -m on

xxxx
yyyy
auto
moused_enable="YES"
/etc/rc.conf
allscreens_flags="-m on"
/etc/rc.conf
sh
csh
.shrc
bind ^? ed-delete-next-char # for console
bind ^[[3~ ed-delete-next-char # for xterm

.cshrc
bindkey ^? delete-char # for console
bindkey ^[[3~ delete-char # for xterm

comms/ltmdm
# mixer pcm 100 vol 100 cd 100

hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"

/boot/device.hints
ed1: timeout
Signal 11
Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode
panic:
kmem_map too
small
/kernel: proc: table is full
CMAP busy
ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0
ahc0: illegal cable configuration
mail loops back to myself
unknown
nlist
failed
top
systat
ssh
telnet
stray
(περιπλανώμενου) IRQ
file: table is full
calcru: negative runtime
calcri: runtime went backwards
Read error
swap_pager: indefinite wait buffer:
UDMA
ICRC
lock order
reversal
Called ... with the following non-sleepable locks
held
buildworld
installworld
touch: not found
root
# camcontrol modepage sd0 -m 1 -e -P 3

AWRE (Auto Write Reallocation Enbld):  1
ARRE (Auto Read Reallocation Enbld):  1

EISA_SLOTS
eisa 12
quit

dangerously dedicated (επικίνδυνα αφοσιωμένη)
ed1: timeout
ed0
de0
3c5x9.exe
Signal 11
make buildworld
ls.c
ls.o
make buildworld
Fatal trap 12: page fault in kernel mode
panic:
2e8
sio3
sio0
sio1
sio2
sio3
/usr/src/sys/dev/sio/sio.c
/usr/src/sys/pc98/cbus/sio.c
0x2e8
options "MAXMEM=n"
n
131072
kmem_map too small
/kernel: proc: table is full
/boot/loader.conf
/etc/sysctl.conf
CMAP busy
/var/db/kvm_*.db
# rm /var/db/kvm_*.db

ahc0: brkadrint, Illegal Host Access at seqaddr 0x0
uha0
ahc0: illegal cable
configuration
mail loops back
to myself
cons25
TERM
ansi
sco
TERM
vt100
cons25
xterm
rxvt
TERM
xterm
vt100
unknown
X
[]
Χ
Χ
# pnpinfo
Checking for Plug-n-Play devices...

Card assigned CSN #1
Vendor ID PMC2430 (0x3024a341), Serial Number 0xffffffff
PnP Version 1.0, Vendor Version 0
Device Description: Pace 56 Voice Internal Plug & Play Modem

Logical Device ID: PMC2430 0x3024a341 #0
        Device supports I/O Range Check
TAG Start DF
    I/O Range 0x3f8 .. 0x3f8, alignment 0x8, len 0x8
        [16-bit addr]
    IRQ: 4  - only one type (true/edge)

TAG End DF
End Tag

Successfully got 31 resources, 1 logical fdevs
-- card select # 0x0001

CSN PMC2430 (0x3024a341), Serial Number 0xffffffff

Logical device #0
IO:  0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8 0x03e8
IRQ 5 0
DMA 4 0
IO range check 0x00 activate 0x01

Vendor
ID
0x3024a341
PMC2430
pciconf -vl
# pciconf -vl
chip1@pci0:31:5:        class=0x040100 card=0x00931028 chip=0x24158086 rev=0x02 hdr=0x00
    vendor   = 'Intel Corporation'
    device   = '82801AA 8xx Chipset AC'97 Audio Controller'
    class    = multimedia
    subclass = audio

0x24158086
Vendor ID
/usr/src/sys/dev/sio/sio_isa.c
sio_isa.c
sio_isa.c
static struct isa_pnp_id sio_ids[] = {

{0x0f804f3f, NULL},     /* OZO800f - Zoom 2812 (56k Modem) */
{0x39804f3f, NULL},     /* OZO8039 - Zoom 56k flex */
{0x3024a341, NULL},     /* PMC2430 - Pace 56 Voice Internal Modem */
{0x1000eb49, NULL},     /* ROK0010 - Rockwell ? */
{0x5002734a, NULL},     /* RSS0250 - 5614Jx3(G) Internal Modem */

sio
nlist failed
top
systat
installworld
/usr/src/UPDATING
/boot/loader
boot2
/boot/loader
ssh
telnet
www.yahoo.com
/etc/resolv.conf
sshd_config
/etc/ssh
/etc/resolv.conf
UseDNS
no
sshd_config
stray (περιπλανώμενου) IRQ
5
0
intr_machdep.c
file: table is full
calcru: negative
runtime
calcri: runtime went backwards
calcru
calcru: runtime went backwards from 6 usec to 3 usec for pid 37 (pagezero)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 6 usec to 3 usec for pid 36 (vmdaemon)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 170 usec to 138 usec for pid 35 (pagedaemon)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 553 usec to 291 usec for pid 15 (swi6: task queue)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 15521 usec to 10366 usec for pid 2 (g_event)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 25 usec to 12 usec for pid 11 (swi1: net)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 4417 usec to 3960 usec for pid 1 (init)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 2084385 usec to 1793542 usec for pid 1 (init)
calcru: runtime went backwards from 408 usec to 204 usec for pid 0 (swapper)

Timecounter
# dmesg | grep Timecounter
Timecounter "i8254" frequency 1193182 Hz quality 0Timecounter "ACPI-fast" frequency 3579545 Hz quality 1000
Timecounter "TSC" frequency 2998570050 Hz quality 800
Timecounters tick every 1.000 msec

# sysctl kern.timecounter.hardware
kern.timecounter.hardware: ACPI-fast

/boot/loader.conf
debug.acpi.disabled="timer"

i8254
# sysctl -w kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254
kern.timecounter.hardware: TSC -> i8254

/etc/sysctl.conf
kern.timecounter.hardware=i8254

"(null)""(null)"
Read error
swap_pager: indefinite wait
buffer:
/var/log/messages
dmesg
UDMA ICRC
UDMA ICRC
atacontrol mode channel
lock order reversal
Called ... with the following non-sleepable locks held
buildworld
installworld
touch: not found
adjkerntz -i
x11-toolkits/open-motif
X
X
INDEX
make index
/bin/sh
bash
X
X
X
ports/
.tbz
packages/All
X
X
news/inn
X
X
INDEX
make
index
INDEX
make index
foo/bar
foo/bar
baz/quux
baz/quux
baz/quux
make
index
refuse
INDEX
INDEX
WITH_*
WITHOUT_*
make.conf
INDEX
net/csup
/bin/sh
bash
/bin/sh
bash
scsh
tcsh
zsh
ps
-u
ports-all
ports-base
audio/timidity++
% timidity -Ow -s 44100 -o /tmp/juke/01.wav 01.mid

_hw_float
GENERIC
kernel
/boot/kernel
/boot/kernel.old
_hw_float
npx0
npx0
npx0
makeoptions DEBUG=-g

#
# Multiport high-speed serial line - 16550 UARTS
#
device sio2 at isa? port 0x2a0 tty irq 5 flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio3 at isa? port 0x2a8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr

GENERIC
make buildkernel
make installkernel
/usr/src/UPDATING
make buildkernel
make installkernel
make buildworld
make buildkernel
make buildworld
% sysctl kern.sched.quantum
kern.sched.quantum: 99960

% sysctl kern.sched.quantum
sysctl: unknown oid 'kern.sched.quantum'

% sysctl kern.sched.name
kern.sched.name: 4BSD

/
???
Incorrect super block
Device not configured
mount
mount
du
df
/dev
dump
newfs
mount
cd
dump
/dev/ad1s1a
/mnt
# newfs /dev/ad1s1a
# mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt
# cd /mnt
# dump 0af - / | restore rf -

dump
/var
# newfs /dev/ad1s1a
# mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt
# cd /mnt
# dump 0af - / | restore rf -
# cd var
# dump 0af - /var | restore rf -

/var
# newfs /dev/ad1s1a
# newfs /dev/ad1s1d
# mount /dev/ad1s1a /mnt
# mkdir /mnt/var
# mount /dev/ad1s1d /mnt/var
# cd /mnt
# dump 0af - / | restore rf -

read error
boot:
boot -v
read error
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda0 count=15

C:\> fdisk /mbr

/
/boot/kernel/kernel
/etc
/
/tmp
/
/tmp
/tmp
/var/tmp
# ccdconfig -C
ccdconfig: ioctl (CCDIOCSET): /dev/ccd0c: Inappropriate file type or format

c
unused
FS_BSDFFS
4.2BSD
# disklabel ccd0
(εμφανίζεται έγκυρη πληροφορία, ας προσπαθήσουμε να την επεξεργαστούμε)
# disklabel -e ccd0
(edit, save, quit)
disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: No disk label on disk;
use "disklabel -r" to install initial label

# disklabel ccd0 > /tmp/disklabel.tmp
# disklabel -Rr ccd0 /tmp/disklabel.tmp
# disklabel -e ccd0
(this will work now)

ext2fs
ext3fs
sysutils/fusefs-ntfs
sysutils/fusefs-kmod
/dev
# mount -t msdosfs /dev/da1s5 /dos/e

c:\bootsect.bsd
c:\bootsect.dos
c:\boot.ini
[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Windows NT"
C:\BOOTSECT.BSD="FreeBSD"
C:\="DOS"

/boot/boot1
C:\BOOTSECT.BSD
/boot/boot1
/boot/boot0
/boot/boot0
/boot/boot0
/boot/boot0
/boot/boot0
/boot/boot1
/boot/boot0
C:\BOOTSECT.BSD
/etc/lilo.conf
other=/dev/hda2
        table=/dev/hda
        label=FreeBSD

/dev/hda2
lilo
root
loader=/boot/chain.b
other=/dev/dab4
        table=/dev/dab
        loader=/boot/chain.b
        label=FreeBSD

Boot: 1:da(0,a)/boot/kernel/kernel

/boot/grub/menu.lst
/boot/grub/grub.conf
title FreeBSD 6.1
        root (hd0,a)
        kernel /boot/loader

hd0,a
(hd0,2,a)
a
???
sysutils
# mount -t msdosfs /dev/fd0c /floppy

# mount -t msdosfs /dev/da2s4 /zip

da2
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/rda2 count=2
# disklabel -Brw da2 auto

# newfs /dev/rda2c

# mount /dev/da2c /zip

/etc/fstab
mount /zip
/dev/da2c /zip ffs rw,noauto 0 0

Incorrect super block
Device not configured
mount
cd9660: /dev/acd0c: Invalid argument
mount
audio/xmcd
mount
root
1
# sysctl -w vfs.usermount=1

root
# chmod 666 /dev/fd0

operator
# chgrp operator /dev/acd0c
# chmod 640 /dev/acd0c

/etc/devfs.conf
root
/etc/devfs.conf
# Allow all users to mount the floppy disk.
own       /dev/fd0        root:operator
perm      /dev/fd0        0666

operator
# Allow members of the group operator to mount CD-ROMs.
own       /dev/acd0       root:operator
perm      /dev/acd0       0660

vfs.usermount=1
/etc/sysctl.conf
/dev/fd0
% mkdir ~/my-mount-point
% mount -t msdosfs /dev/fd0 ~/my-mount-point

operator
/dev/acd0c
% mkdir ~/my-mount-point
% mount -t cd9660 /dev/acd0c ~/my-mount-point

% umount ~/my-mount-point

emulators/mtools
du
df
du
df
du
df
df
du
more
du
df
more
du
df
more
more
du
df
/var
root
Capacity
Blocks
Used
Avail
root: not found
crontab
you are
not in the correct group to su root
su
root
rc.conf
unknown: <PNP0303> can't assign resources
root
root
/dev/MAKEDEV
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc
x
rpc.statd
schg
.shosts
vnlru
top
/var/empty
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
/etc/rc
/etc/rc.d
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
/etc/rc.conf
# echo named_enable="YES" >> /etc/rc.conf

/usr/local/etc/rc.d
555
root: not found
crontab
/etc/crontab
# crontab /etc/crontab

/etc/crontab
# crontab -r

/etc/crontab
/usr/local/etc/periodic
cron
root
root
root
you are not in the correct group to su root
su
root
su
root
wheel
root
wheel
su
root
wheel
rc.conf
mount -urw /
mount -a -t ufs
export TERM=cons25
/etc/rc.conf
print/pnm2ppa
unknown: <PNP0303> can't assign resources
options QUOTA

/
/usr
/usr/admin/quotas
/home
/home/admin/quotas
GENERIC
options    SYSVSHM          # enable shared memory
options    SYSVSEM          # enable for semaphores
options    SYSVMSG          # enable for messaging

mail/exim
mail/postfix
mail/qmail
mail/zmailer
root
Boot:
mount -urw /
mount -a
passwd root
root
root
insecure
/etc/ttys
options SC_DISABLE_REBOOT

# sysctl hw.syscons.kbd_reboot=0

SC_DISABLE_REBOOT
options PCVT_CTRL_ALT_DEL

% perl -i.bak -npe 's/\r\n/\n/g' file(s)

file(s)
.bak
% tr -d '\r' < dos-text-file > unix-file

dos-text-file
unix-file
perl
converters/dosunix
root
su
base
/cdrom
# cd /cdrom/base
# ./install.sh

NO_KERBEROS
/etc/make.conf
/dev/MAKEDEV
X
/dev/MAKEDEV
telnet
ssh
screen
/etc/ttys
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc
# shutdown now
(Note: without -r or -h)

# return
# exit

x
# sysctl kern.securelevel

/etc/rc.conf
securelevel
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
rc.conf
# sysctl kern.securelevel

/etc/rc.conf
securelevel
/etc/defaults/rc.conf
rc.conf
rpc.statd
rpc.statd
/var
0x10000000
schg
.shosts
.shosts
root
ENABLE_SUID_SSH
true
/etc/make.conf
make world
/usr/bin/ssh
4555
chmod 4555
/usr/bin/ssh
root
ENABLE_SUID_SSH= true
/etc/make.conf
make world
vnlru
vnlru
top
Active
Inactive
Cache
active
cache
Free
Wired
/var/empty
/var/empty
/var/empty
root
schg
schg
KDENABIO failed (Operation not permitted)
startx
Couldn't open
console
xconsole
root
X11
X11
X server ή εξυπηρετητής Χ
fd.o
freedesktop.org
x11/xorg
# pkg_add -r xorg

KDENABIO failed (Operation not permitted)
startx
securelevel
securelevel
securelevel
/etc/rc.conf
securelevel
/dev/sysmouse
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "InputDevice"
   Option          "Protocol" "SysMouse"
   Option          "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
.....

/dev/mouse
/dev/mouse
/dev/sysmouse
/etc/devfs.conf
link    sysmouse    mouse

root
# /etc/rc.d/devfs restart

Buttons 5
ZAxisMapping 4 5
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
/etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier      "Mouse1"
   Driver          "mouse"
   Option          "Protocol" "auto"
   Option          "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
   Option          "Buttons" "5"
   Option          "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

;; wheel mouse
(global-set-key [mouse-4] 'scroll-down)
(global-set-key [mouse-5] 'scroll-up)

% startx -listen_tcp

/etc/ttys
ttyv8
ttyvc
# Edit the existing entry for ttyv8 in /etc/ttys and change
# "off" to "on".
ttyv8   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure
ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on secure

secure
insecure
n
off
ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  on  secure

ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure

ttyv9   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
ttyva   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure
ttyvb   "/usr/libexec/getty Pc"         cons25  off secure

root
# kill -HUP 1

kill
n
n
startx
xdm
/etc/ttys
xdm
rc.local
X
/usr/local/etc/rc.d
kill
xdm
xdm
xdm
getty
xdm
xdm
xdm
/etc/ttys
xdm
vt
/usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers
:0 local /usr/local/bin/X vt4

/dev/ttyv3
Couldn't open console
xconsole
startx
/dev/console
xterm -C
xconsole
/etc/fbtab
/dev/ttyv0 0600 /dev/console

/dev/ttyv0
root
root
root
root
root
root
xdm
kdm
Xwrapper
xdm
xdm
Xwrapper
x11/wrapper
psmintr: out of sync (xxxx != yyyy)

0x100
boot: -c

UserConfig> flags psm0 0x100
UserConfig> quit

0x04
boot: -c

UserConfig> flags psm0 0x04
UserConfig> quit

xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"
.xinitrc
.xsession
# xmodmap -e "keycode 115 = comma"

xmodmap
~/.xinitrc
~/.xmodmaprc
xmodmap
~/.xinitrc
xmodmap $HOME/.xmodmaprc

~/.xmodmaprc
keycode 115 = F13
keycode 116 = F14
keycode 117 = F15

x11-wm/fvwm2
~/.fvwmrc
Key F13        FTIWS    A        Iconify
Key F14        FTIWS    A        RaiseLower
Key F15        A        A        Menu Workplace Nop

x11/nvidia-driver
x11/nvidia-driver-96xx
x11/nvidia-driver-71xx
x11-servers/mga_hal
x11-servers/driglide
mountd
can't change attributes
bad exports list
Permission denied
ipfw
/dev/bpf0:
device not configured
Limiting icmp/open port/closed port response
arp:
unknown hardware address format
192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but got reply from 00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0
gateway_enable
/etc/rc.conf
net/slirp
netmask 0xffffffff
# ifconfig ed0 alias 192.0.2.2 netmask 0xffffffff

# ifconfig ed0 alias 172.16.141.5 netmask 0xffffff00

link0
link2
/etc/rc.conf
# mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt

X
# mount -o -P sunbox:/blah /mnt

mountd
can't change
attributes
bad exports list
/etc/exports
/etc/rc.conf
NO
tcp_extensions=NO

MROUTING
mrouted_enable
YES
/etc/rc.conf
net/mrouted
vic
vat
Permission denied
IPFIREWALL
root
# ipfw add 65534 allow all from any to any

firewall_type="open"
/etc/rc.conf
ipfw
01000 fwd 10.0.0.1 from any to foo 21

foo
10.0.0.1
foo
10.0.0.1
sysutils/socket
socket
ftp stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/local/bin/socket socket ftp.example.com ftp

ftp.example.com
ftp
/dev/bpf0: device not configured
device bpf        # Berkeley Packet Filter

Limiting icmp/open port/closed port
response
300
# sysctl -w net.inet.icmp.icmplim=300

# sysctl -w net.inet.icmp.icmplim_output=0

0
arp: unknown hardware address format
192.168.0.10 is on fxp1 but got reply from
00:15:17:67:cf:82 on rl0
0
/usr/libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object "libXaw.so.6" not found

net/cvsup
net/cvsup-without-gui
net/csup
named
toor
suidperl
ntalk
root
tty
tty
ntalk
/
/
root
root
schg
/dev/mem
/dev/kmem
# sysctl kern.securelevel

installworld
/etc/rc.conf
named
avoid-v4-udp-ports
avoid-v6-udp-ports
query-source
query-source-v6
/etc/namedb/named.conf
toor
toor
root
/usr/local/bin
root
/usr/local/bin
/usr
/usr/local/bin
root
toor
root
root
toor
root
toor
suidperl
suidperl
suidperl
/etc/make.conf
ENABLE_SUIDPERL=true
perl
-auto
No route to
host
\
Segmentation fault
ppp.core
set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier lcp ipcp ccp command

/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
default
/etc/syslog.conf
/var/log/ppp.log
!ppp
*.*        /var/log/ppp.log

/etc/hosts
/etc/host.conf
hosts
/etc/hosts
localhost
127.0.0.1        foo.example.com foo localhost

ping -c1 `hostname`
-auto
netstat
-rn
Destination        Gateway            Flags     Refs     Use     Netif Expire
default            10.0.0.2           UGSc        0        0      tun0
10.0.0.2           10.0.0.1           UH          0        0      tun0

ppp.conf.sample
HISADDR
ppp.conf
/etc/rc.conf
ppp.conf
delete ALL

No route to host
/etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
MYADDR:
  delete ALL
  add 0 0 HISADDR

packet mode
delete ALL
add 0 0 HISADDR

set timeout NNN

NNN
NNN
ppp.conf
disable lqr

S10
set dial "...... ATS10=10 OK ......"

set server
ppp.conf
set socket
set log local
async
enable lqr
ppp.conf
disable pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj
deny pred1 deflate deflate24 protocomp acfcomp shortseq vj

Memory fault
Core
dumped
# cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp
# env DEBUG_FLAGS='-g' make clean
# env DEBUG_FLAGS='-g' make install

# gdb ppp `pgrep ppp`

bt
where
quit
set openmode active

Magic is same
ppp.conf
set openmode passive

set openmode active 3

A
B
A
B
B
A
B
A
A
B
B
A
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
passive
set openmode passive

set stopped N

N
set openmode active N

shell
!
!bg
enable lqr

set log +tcp/ip

set dfilter 1 deny udp src eq 53
set dfilter 2 deny udp dst eq 53
set dfilter 3 permit 0/0 0/0

.mc
define(`confDELIVERY_MODE', `d')dnl

sendmail -q
ppp.linkup
CCP: CcpSendConfigReq
CCP: Received Terminate Ack (1) state = Req-Sent (6)

disable pred1

set log +connect

set login
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \
  \"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \\c \\n"

\
set phone "123 456 789"
"
\
\P
\T
\
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK AT\\\\X OK"

ATZ
OK
AT\X
OK

set phone 1234567
set dial "\"\" ATZ OK ATDT\\T"

ATZ
OK
ATDT1234567

Segmentation fault
ppp.core
0
#  cd /usr/src/usr.sbin/ppp
# echo STRIP= >> /etc/make.conf
# echo CFLAGS+=-g >> /etc/make.conf
# make install clean

root
ppp.core
% su
# gdb /usr/sbin/ppp ppp.core
(gdb) bt
.....
(gdb) f 0
....
(gdb) i args
....
(gdb) l
.....

iface
iface-alias
255.255.255.255
SIOCAIFADDR
255.255.255.255
set log +tcp/ip
/etc/ppp/ppp.conf
nat port proto internalmachine:port port

proto
tcp
udp
internalmachine
port
/usr/src/sys/netinet/libalias/alias_*.c
alias_ftp.c
socks5
cvsup
nat addr
internal
nat port udp internal :65000
65000
65000
65001
65002
nat port
nat port udp internal:27005
27015
nat port udp internal:5632
5632
nat port tcp internal:5631
5631
nat port udp internal:6112
6112
nat port udp internal:27901
27910
nat port udp internal:60021
60021
nat port udp internal:60040
60040
nat port udp internal:8675
8675
nat port udp internal:5009
5009
F
C
S
show hdlc
set accmap 0x000a0000
^Q
^S
async
close lcp
term
1500
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans\0000\MaxMTU

1436
Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\ID for adapter\MTU
DWORD
Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\ID for
adapter\EnablePMTUBHDetect
DWORD
1
1450
1500
enable tcpmssfixup
net/tcpmssd
netstat -rn
tip
cu
@
pn
tip
tip
% dmesg | grep -E "^sio[0-9]"

sio0: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x3f8-0x3ff irq 4 flags 0x10 on acpi0
sio0: type 16550A
sio1: <16550A-compatible COM port> port 0x2f8-0x2ff irq 3 on acpi0
sio1: type 16550A

0x3f8
0x2f8
GENERIC
sio2
COM3
/dev/cuad2
/dev/ttyd2
ttydX
/dev/ttydX
cuadX
cuadX
ttydX
ttydX
cuadX
options COM_MULTIPORT

/boot/device.hints
hint.sio.4.at="isa"
hint.sio.4.port="0x2a0"
hint.sio.4.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.5.at="isa"
hint.sio.5.port="0x2a8"
hint.sio.5.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.6.at="isa"
hint.sio.6.port="0x2b0"
hint.sio.6.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.7.at="isa"
hint.sio.7.port="0x2b8"
hint.sio.7.flags="0x701"
hint.sio.7.irq="12"

7
0x700
0x001
tip
cu
/var/spool/lock
uucp
dialer
dialer
dialer
# chmod 4511 /usr/bin/cu
# chmod 4511 /usr/bin/tip

@
pn
tip
tip
top
chmod
FreeBSD.org
sup
top
Inact
Cache
Buf
Free
chmod
foo
bar
% chmod g-w bar

foo
/
foo
bar
foo
bar
% chmod 555 foo/

foo
bar
emulators/doscmd
emulators/pcemu
emulators/dosbox
FreeBSD.org
FreeBSD.org
FreeBSD.org
sup
/usr/share/examples/BSD_daemon/
/dev/null
fdisk /mbr

Όνομα	Ερμηνεία
`en_US.ISO8859-1`	Αγγλικά ΗΠΑ
`bn_BD.ISO10646-1`	Bengali ή Bangla (Μπαγκλαντές)
`da_DK.ISO8859-1`	Δανέζικα (Δανία)
`de_DE.ISO8859-1`	Γερμανικά (Γερμανία)
`el_GR.ISO8859-7`	Ελληνικά (Ελλάδα)
`es_ES.ISO8859-1`	Ισπανικά (Ισπανία)
`fr_FR.ISO8859-1`	Γαλλικά (Γαλλία)
`hu_HU.ISO8859-2`	Ουγγαρέζικα (Ουγγαρία)
`it_IT.ISO8859-15`	Ιταλικά (Ιταλία)
`ja_JP.eucJP`	Γιαπωνέζικα (Ιαπωνία, κωδικοποίηση EUC)
`mn_MN.UTF-8`	Μογγολικά (Μογγολία, κωδικοποίηση UTF-8)
`nl_NL.ISO8859-1`	Ολλανδικά (Ολλανδία)
`no_NO.ISO8859-1`	Νορβηγικά (Νορβηγία)
`pl_PL.ISO8859-2`	Πολωνικά (Πολωνία)
`pt_BR.ISO8859-1`	Πορτογαλικά (Βραζιλία)
`ru_RU.KOI8-R`	Ρώσικα (Ρωσία, κωδικοποίηση KOI8-R)
`sr_YU.ISO8859-2`	Σέρβικα (Σερβία)
`tr_TR.ISO8859-9`	Τούρκικα (Τουρκία)
`zh_CN.GB2312`	Απλοποιημένα Κινέζικα (Κίνα, κωδικοποίηση GB2312)
`zh_TW.Big5`	Παραδοσιακά Κινέζικα (Ταϊβάν,κωδικοποίηση Big5)

Μορφή	Ερμηνεία
`html-split`	Συλλογή μικρών, συνδεμένων μεταξύ τους, αρχείων HTML.
`html`	Ένα μεγάλο HTML αρχείο που περιέχει ολόκληρο το έγγραφο.
`pdb`	Μορφή βάσης δεδομένων για το Palm Pilot, για χρήση με το πρόγραμμα ανάγνωσης iSilo.
`pdf`	Μορφή κειμένου PDF της Adobe.
`ps`	PostScript
`rtf`	Μορφή Εμπλουτισμένου Κειμένου της Microsoft
`txt`	Απλό κείμενο

Τρόπος	Περιγραφή
`zip`	Μορφή συμπίεσης Zip. Αν θέλετε να το αποσυμπιέσετε στο FreeBSD θα πρέπει να εγκαταστήσετε πρώτα το port `archivers/unzip`.
`bz2`	Η μορφή `bzip2`. Είναι λιγότερο διαδεδομένη από το `zip`, αλλά γενικά δημιουργεί μικρότερα αρχεία. Εγκαταστήστε το port `archivers/bzip2` για να αποσυμπιέσετε αρχεία αυτού του τύπου.

Μοντέλο	Έκδοση BIOS
T20	IYET49WW ή μεταγενέστερο
T21	KZET22WW ή μεταγενέστερο
A20p	IVET62WW ή μεταγενέστερο
A20m	IWET54WW ή μεταγενέστερο
A21p	KYET27WW ή μεταγενέστερο
A21m	KXET24WW ή μεταγενέστερο
A21e	KUET30WW

Μέγεθος block FS	Λειτουργεί	Πρέπει να λειτουργεί
4 KB	> 4 GB	4 TB - 1
8 KB	> 32 GB	32 TB - 1
16 KB	> 128 GB	32 TB - 1
32 KB	> 512 GB	64 TB - 1
64 KB	> 2048 GB	128 TB - 1

Συχνές Ερωτήσεις για το FreeBSD 6.`X` και 7.`X`

Η Ομάδα Τεκμηρίωσης του FreeBSD

Κεφάλαιο 1 Εισαγωγή

Κεφάλαιο 2 Τεκμηρίωση και Υποστήριξη

Κεφάλαιο 3 Εγκατάσταση

Κεφάλαιο 4 Συμβατότητα Υλικού

4.1 Γενικά

4.2 Μνήμη

4.3 Αρχιτεκτονικές και Επεξεργαστές

4.4 Σκληροί δίσκοι, μονάδες ταινίας, οδηγοί CD και DVD

4.5 Πληκτρολόγια και ποντίκια

4.6 Συσκευές Σειριακής Επικοινωνίας και Δικτύωσης

4.7 Συσκευές ήχου

4.8 ¶λλο υλικό

Κεφάλαιο 5 Αντιμετώπιση Προβλημάτων

Κεφάλαιο 6 Εμπορικές Εφαρμογές

Κεφάλαιο 7 Εφαρμογές Τελικού Χρήστη

Κεφάλαιο 8 Ρύθμιση Πυρήνα

Κεφάλαιο 9 Δίσκοι, Συστήματα Αρχείων και Φορτωτές Εκκίνησης

Κεφάλαιο 10 Διαχείριση Συστήματος

Κεφάλαιο 11 Το Σύστημα Χ Windows και οι Εικονικές Κονσόλες

Κεφάλαιο 12 Δικτύωση

Κεφάλαιο 13 Ασφάλεια

Κεφάλαιο 14 PPP

Κεφάλαιο 15 Σειριακές Επικοινωνίες

Κεφάλαιο 16 Διάφορες Ερωτήσεις

Κεφάλαιο 17 Χιούμορ και FreeBSD

	Το μήνυμα «can't assign resources» δείχνει ότι πρόκειται για παλαιού τύπου συσκευές ISA για τις οποίες το πρόγραμμα οδήγησης που υπάρχει στον πυρήνα δεν αναγνωρίζει συσκευές τύπου PnP. Στις συσκευές αυτές περιλαμβάνονται ελεγκτές πληκτρολογίων, το κύκλωμα του προγραμματιζόμενου ελεγκτή διακοπών (interrupts) και αρκετά ακόμα τυποποιημένα κυκλώματα. Δεν μπορεί να γίνει απόδοση πόρων γιατί υπάρχει ήδη κάποιο πρόγραμμα οδήγησης που χρησιμοποιεί αυτές τις διευθύνσεις.
--Garrett Wollman `<wollman@FreeBSD.org>`, 24 Απριλίου 2001

Vendor	Model
ASUS	PCI-L101-TB
Accton	ENI1203
Cogent	EM960PCI
Compex	ENET32-PCI
D-Link	DE-530
Dayna	DP1203, DP2100
DEC	DE435, DE450
Danpex	EN-9400P3
JCIS	Condor JC1260
Linksys	EtherPCI
Mylex	LNP101
SMC	EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
SMC	EtherPower (Model 8432)
TopWare	TE-3500P
Znyx (2.2.x)	ZX312, ZX314, ZX342, ZX345, ZX346, ZX348
Znyx (3.x)	ZX345Q, ZX346Q, ZX348Q, ZX412Q, ZX414, ZX442, ZX444, ZX474, ZX478, ZX212, ZX214 (10mbps/hd)

Σύστημα Αρχείων	Αρχείο Quota
`/usr`	`/usr/admin/quotas`
`/home`	`/home/admin/quotas`
...	...